The winning entry for the Arts and Sciences championship this year was a couple of delicious recipes from Portugal, submitted by the Honorable Lady Joana
She has kindly allowed us to publish her documentation, which can be found here.
Category: Blog Post
Sunday dance classes at the hall
On the 24 of April, a number of new dancers were present, so we could practice those dances that need 6 or 8 people. Accordingly, the three dances we were: Upon a summers day, If all the world was paper, and Dance de Cleves
There are some You Tube versions of these below, for those wanting to aid their memories or follow along at home. There are always some variations in steps and the floor plan, but I think all would be helpful.
Dance de Cleves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=le5RwjTQG1s
Some minor differences probably to cope with the size of the hall. They turn before doing the hearts and flowers and reverse direction halfway through.
If all the world was paper
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3t5w5WR96U
There is a bit of mucking around at the beginning and the first chorus hay is done differently.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aenhHdGna1Q
The first chorus hay starts with swapping with your partner before going
across the set. We go across the set and then we swap with our partner.
Note their sidings are a bit more elaborate than what we do
Upon a summer’s day
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIMz_NQxQ5w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUO4T5G7Ue0
It’s pretty much how we do it except for the sidings
HC2018 – A combined entry
HC2018 – A combined entry
A chest, made by Sir Callum, decorated with the arms of Master Bartholomew, by Mistress katherine.
PGC2019: Challenge Complete
The (extended) Persona Gubbins Challenge has come to a close. Final entries were accepted up until midnight on October 31st.
Some statistics about the Challenge entries
Number of individual entrants: 9
Most popular culture of entries: Norse
Most popular century of entries: 16th
Most popular category: Food and Drink
Most popular single entry: Games box
Artisan Recognition
Every artisan who accepted the challenge and shared their work was awarded a special token at Golden flight 2020.
Those who completed three projects (from at least two distinct categories) received a small period sewing kit in recognition of their endeavours.
Artisans who completed five projects (again from at least two distinct categories) were given a period spice kit as an additional token.
Some of our local Southron Gaard Laurels had generously offered to award small prizes or tokens to the entry of their choice.
We hope that this challenge has inspired you to explore items of material culture related to your persona, so that you are able to ‘use’ your persona more easily at events.
PGC2019: THL Joana de Bairros’s 1520s Portuguese silk dress
Category: With silken coats, and caps, and golden rings, with ruffs, and cuffs, and farthingales, and things. A garment your persona may have worn.
Purpose:
I bought some beautiful red silk/wool blend and, as there are many red Portuguese dresses in the pictures of the 1520s, I thought that this was a good plan to keep up with the fashions! I also wanted to try something in keeping with the St Auta altarpiece dresses. I did not want to make one specific dress but incorporate a number of the features seen in this painting.
Materials used:
- 7m silk/wool blend
- Under 1m of cotton/linen canvas and white cotton
- Shot green/grey/gold silk
- Lots of gold and wine coloured trim
- 2 rolls of gold embroidered trim
- Metal eyelets
- Cotton tape for hemming
- Red cord for lacing
Method:
While my other Portuguese dress has a kirtle underneath I wanted this dress to be worn alone for my personal comfort. While many of the St Auta dresses appeared to open at the front, for aesthetic reasons I preferred to have the openings at the side back which can be seen in extant Italian gowns, especially Eleanor of Toledo’s. The Portuguese portrait of Queen Catherine as St Catherine is also clearly laced at the back and this dates from the late 1520s/early 1530s.
I used the pattern for my previous dress and cut out two front and back bodice pieces out of the cotton canvas as interlining. I then cut out the bodice in a piece of thin cotton batting. I zigzaged these three pieces together to make an inner support layer.
I cut out a bodice with seam allowance from the red silk and whip stitched this by hand over the canvas layer. I then whip stitched the cotton lining in place.
Angus put the eyelets in for me but I then couched over them by hand so they blended into the silk and for extra reinforcement.
I sewed the trim around the neckline. This trim placement can clearly be seen on the back of the beheaded lady in the red dress at the bottom of the St Auta altarpiece and on Queen Catherine’s dress. The trim matched the colour of the silk perfectly and while I can’t say it is specifically Portuguese it looks fabulous.
The skirt is four gored panels which are machine sewed together. This is then box pleated (by hand) to the bodice which is consistent with the Queen Catherine dress. I hemmed the skirt by machining wide cotton bias tape to the bottom. I then folded this inside the skirt and machined in place. I machined the trim on top of this on the outside of the skirt. This was because I was running short on time and even as I write this I have had to check multiple times how it was put together so it is not obvious.
I wanted to do sleeves like those on one of the St Auta side panels
These are fairly full with the opening down the back of the arm secured with ties. It is then tied
on to the bodice. I was fascinated that these sleeves and one in the centre of the 11000 Virgins painting appear to have a turned back cuff that has a wide fancy trim on it. The sleeves also appear to be lined in a different colour to the rest of the dress.
I found a beautiful gold/grey/green silk in my stash which worked beautifully with the silk and trim so I lined the sleeves in that.
On the turned back cuff I attached some wide gold-work style trim I found at Spotlight and attached the red/gold trim down the opening of the sleeves and used it on the bodice as loops to tie the sleeves to.
I cut a two inch strip out of the sleeve lining silk and then, by hand, whip stitched it closed. I cut this into lengths and attached an aglet to each end of these lengths to make ties. These I attached down the length of the sleeve opening when I attached the lining. I tied them together to make the sleeves. I made some others as ties at the top of the sleeve so it could be attached to the bodice.
I made a sash out of the same shot silk and put some of the wide trim (from the sleeve cuff) on the ends of it and added gold fringing.
Verdict:
I love this dress and enjoyed wearing it to the Spring Feast at Gildenwick. I think in the next version I will alter the cut of the sleeves slightly so the opening is more visible at the back of my arm and the cuff is more parallel to my wrist. I am enjoying my forays into Portuguese clothing as it is pretty and comfy! It worked well with my new Portuguese hat too!
Useful links:
- St Auta Altarpiece – https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ret%C3%A1bulo_de_Santa_Auta
- Queen Catherine of Austria as St Catherine https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Catalina_de_Austria,_reina_de_Portugal,_como_Santa_Catalina_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg
PGC2019: THL Joana de Bairros’ Portuguese Hat
Category: With scarfs, and fans, and double change of bravery, With amber bracelets, beads, and all this knavery. An accessory your persona may have owned, made, used, or gifted.
Purpose:
There are many hats in the Portuguese paintings of the 1520s, in particular they are seen all over the St Auta Altarpiece where many of the female figures are wearing a relation of a flat cap. The hat I particularly liked was in Gregorio Lopes’s Visitation painting as it was well blinged up! I had already made a version of the pink dress for the Baronial A&S Championship and made a version of the hat but it wasn’t quite right so I wanted to make one that was more in keeping with the portrait. I spent a long time staring at the image to get a sense of what was happening with this hat and talked to Mistresses Isabel Maria and Cristia about it. The consensus was that it was a kind of split brim arrangement that was sewed up on to the side of the hat. Much paper was used to get a sense of how it worked.
Materials used:
- A $2 shop pirate hat. By taking the pirate fabric off it I was left with a ‘felt’ like base
- Black velvet to cover the hat and make the folds on the hat. I picked velvet as many of the St Auta hats look like they are made from velvet as does the one in the image above.
- Pearl and gold buttons – I managed to get the same design in two different sizes. While there aren’t pearls on the hat in the image I like them and the buttons were the most appropriate looking ones I found
- Pearl and gold bead aglets that I made myself using some oval shaped gold beads, plastic pearls and earring pins. I decided to interpret the spiky bits on the hat as aglets as they are a common feature of 16th century hats. Using the pearl and gold beads allowed me to match the buttons too!
- A vintage filigree ‘gold’ and pearl brooch
- A very small amount of gold silk to line the split brim
- Black thread and a robust needle
Methods used:
- I cut out a round of black velvet a little bigger than the hat base and ran a gathering stitch around the edges of the circle.
- I pulled the gathering stitch so the material fitted over the round of the hat and hand sewed it to the inside of the hat.
- I made a 10cm strip with black velvet on one side and the gold silk on the other. I sewed this on the machine for ease of use.
- I cut this strip into six panels that were long enough that when pressed flat against the hat reached the top of the brim and folded over the edge of the hat base. These were sewed inside the hat all the way around the hat with cuts in the edge so they sat flat.
- In the gap between each panel of velvet and silk I sewed three buttons with a big one in the middle and two smaller ones on either side.
- I made the aglets out of earring wires and beads and used my pliers to create loops in the wire.
- I sewed these aglets in fours on either side of the middle button
- I hand sewed the gold brooch it was on the front side of the hat like in the original image.
Verdict:
It is so pretty and much more in keeping with the portrait than my first attempt. I didn’t count on there being so much bulk inside the hat with the edges of the panels sewing into it so it doesn’t fit quite as comfortably as I would prefer but it still works.
Additional images
- Check out the St Auta altarpiece here – https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28680322
- The full version of the Lopes and Leal Visitation painting can be found here – https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(Greg%C3%B3rio_Lopes_e_Jorge_Leal))
PGC2019: Maestra Isabel Maria’s Vasquina
Category: With silken coats, and caps, and golden rings, with ruffs, and cuffs, and farthingales and things. A garment your persona may have worn.
Inspiration:
Both versions of Juan de Alcega’s Libro de Geometria, Pratica, y Traca (1580 and 1589) contain several cutting diagrams for vasquinas, which I interpret to be a skirt that can be worn as an underlayer (ie a petticoat), or as an outer layer for non-court styles.
As I am refreshing my camping wardrobe, and want clothing that will be wearable at increasingly warm Canterbury Faires, I chose to make a linen version of this garment to complement my existing woolen skirts.
Pattern
Alcega has numerous cutting diagrams showing the most efficient way to cut this garment out of different widths of fabric, for example:
Construction
I adapted the pattern from Alecga and constructed it using machine sewing for the initial long construction seams, and hand sewing for finishing the seams, hem, waistband, and eyelets.
The back is pleated, using knife pleats, into the waistband, while the front is kept mostly flat, for a flattering line over the stomach. To allow for maximum flexibility of use (and to fit pockets conveniently underneath), I chose to have dual side openings closed with a lace threaded through eyelets.
Verdict
It is lovely having another linen skirt to wear in warm weather. Additionally, the dual openings allow access to multiple pockets, but also permit adjustment to suit both what I am wearing, and body fluctuations.
However, I do think it is a bit plain and intend to add multiple stripes of a different red fabric around the hem.
Resources
- “Tailor’s Pattern Book 1589” by Juan de Alcega, translated by Jean Pain and Cecilia Bainton
- “Daily Life in Spain in the Golden Age” by Marcelin Defourneaux
- A. LaPorta, avocational historian and tailor https://www.facebook.com/alaportahistorian
PGC2019: Meisterin Christian Baier’s Pearl and Garnet Goldhaube
Category: An accessory your persona may have owned, made, used, or gifted. “With scarfs, and fans, and double change of bravery, With amber bracelets, beads, and all this knavery.”
Persona period inspiration and use:
Goldhaubes were the coifs / “hairnets” worn by women of the 16th C Saxon court. The dowry of Magdalene of Saxony lists a number of haubes, most with pearls and some with metal ornaments, or spangles. At least one of these haubes was noted as having been made by Magdalene’s mother, the Duchess, so this could be a project that a noble woman might make for herself or for a family member or friend.Christian is not fond of hats and headwear, but finds these haubes are generally the least annoying appropriate hair covering.
This haube is intended to match an under-construction red velvet gown with guards of yellow and white silk brocade.
Design, Materials and Construction:
These haubes were variously constructed, some appear to be made from embroidered or patterned fabric, some from cords knotted or constructed into a net; illustrations suggest that these were less likely to be made using more traditional hair-netting techniques like sprang, however men in this period wore “hairnets” which do seem to be made more often in those techniques. Haubes were usually made of gold cords and/or narrow wares, or gold fabrics, often patterned in black; and were usually embellished with pearls, spangles and other ornaments.
Materials: gold metal-thread net fabric, lined with silk, pearls of two colours, garnets, metal thread, and gold cord. The haube is lined with fine bright yellow silk to both ensure the haube more closely tones with the brocade of the gown’s brocade, and to hide “fake” hair used to imitate haristyles of the period.
Construction: the fabric was embellished with pearls, cords, and semiprecious stones; lined with silk, and attached to a decorative band also decorated with pearls and garnets.
Reference:
- 1526 Nürnberg wedding record: H. Doege, “Das von Questzische Hochzeistbüchlein, 1526”, Waffen und Kostümkunde, 1922.
- Schulordnungen, schulbücher, und pädagogische miscellaneen aus den landen deutscher zunge: Im auftrage der Gesellschaft für deutsche erziehungs- und schulgeschichte, Band 34. Translated here: https://jillwheezul.livejournal.com/tag/magdalena%20of%20saxony
- Goldhaubes in Textiler Hausrat, Kleidung und Textilien von Nurnberg, 1500 – 1650 by Jutta Zander-Seidel, p.119-125.
PGC2019: Isabel Maria’s Alquerque Board
Isabel Maria shares project for the category of “what revels are in hand? Is there no play, To ease the anguish of a torturing hour?”
Purpose
Despite having a good selection of SCA period games, I really wanted some more specifically Spanish games to add to my repertoire. It became necessary to do some research to find quintessentially Spanish games. Early on I learned about the different styles of playing cards, and eventually managed to acquire a modern set of them, but that was not enough. So I asked “what board games were played in 16th Century Aragon, Catalan or even Portugal?”
These questions lead me to the game of Alquerque. We have proof of it being played in the 13th Century, but things get rather more sparse thereon out. However, it is generally accepted as having been introduced to the New World, where it was promptly adapted to suit the locals tastes, creating the game of kolowis awithlaknannai. With that in mind, it seems reasonable that it would still be known in Spain during the waning years of the 16th Century.
Construction & Shopping
Simple, solid pine board stained to make it look like more expensive wood, and mimic period board games. The geometric design was carefully measured out before being drawn on in pencil and carved out. The carved design was then painted with gesso in preparation for painting. In order to satisfy Isabel María’s preferences for surface ornamentation, additional decorations will be taken from a variety of 16th century game boards and combined before being added to the carved areas of the game board.
The game requires 12 counters for each player. I play the game with 24 pewter jettons (12 portcullis side up and the other 12 with the jester up) until I find some better tokens.
Verdict
A fun wee game that can tax the brain after a hard days camping. Goes well with a light Spanish wine and small quantities of consequence free gambling.
PGC2019: Christian Baier’s Landsknecht Shirt
Category: A garment your persona may have worn. “With silken coats, and caps, and golden rings, with ruffs, and cuffs, and farthingales, and things.”
Persona period inspiration and use:
Christian has an alter ego as the wife of a Landsknecht (German mercenary soldiers, late 15th and 16th-century). The making of personal linens for the family was traditionally a task for the woman of the household.
This shirt was undertaken as a project to while away lockdown. The shirt needs to be suitable for camping at Canterbury Faire; e.g. a high neck to protect against the sun, and minimal embellishments (e.g. embroidery) in order to be easily and repeatedly laundered.
Design, Materials and Construction:
There are no landsknecht extant shirts from this period, so the design, materials, construction, and fastening systems had to be extrapolated from extant German shirts from the late 15thC, a German child’s shirt from the early 16thC, and other men’s shirts from the early, mid, and late 16th C.
There are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of representations of landsknechts shirts in prints from the period. These images show a variety of possible shirt styles and designs (in terms of cut, fastening, embellishments etc), and details can be filled in from extant garments and images of the shirts of elite men e.g. Matthaeus Schwarz.
The linen fabric of this shirt is coarser than the fine linen that would have been used for an elite shirt. The shirt was hand sewn with linen thread; following the construction of some extent garments, the main construction seams were sewn in thicker linen thread and the finishing / detail work in finer thread.
Given lockdown resources, I had to use linen fabric ties for the neck and cuff fastenings, but these actually worked out better than expected.
Reference:
- Patterns of Fashion No. 4; The cut and construction of linen shirts, smocks, neckwear, headwear and accessories for men and women c. 1540 – 1660. Janet Arnold, 2008.
- The First Book of Fashion; The Book of Clothes of Matthaeus and Veit Konrad Schwarz of Augsburg. Editor(s): Ulinka Rublack, Maria Hayward, Jenny Tiramani, 2015.
- Textiler Hausrat, Kleidung und Textilien von Nurnberg, 1500 – 1650 by Jutta Zander-Seidel.